Publications
1. Warrier, Varun; Stauffer, Eva-Maria; Huang, Qin Qin; Wigdor, Emilie M; Slob, Eric A W; Seidlitz, Jakob; Ronan, Lisa; Valk, Sofie L; Mallard, Travis T; Grotzinger, Andrew D; Romero-Garcia, Rafael; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Geschwind, Daniel H; Lancaster, Madeline A; Murray, Graham K; Gandal, Michael J; Alexander-Bloch, Aaron; Won, Hyejung; Martin, Hilary C; Bullmore, Edward T; Bethlehem, Richard A I
Genetic insights into human cortical organization and development
through genome-wide analyses of 2,347 neuroimaging phenotypes Journal Article
In: Nat. Genet., vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 1483–1493, 2023.
@article{Warrier2023-po,
title = {Genetic insights into human cortical organization and development
through genome-wide analyses of 2,347 neuroimaging phenotypes},
author = {Varun Warrier and Eva-Maria Stauffer and Qin Qin Huang and Emilie M Wigdor and Eric A W Slob and Jakob Seidlitz and Lisa Ronan and Sofie L Valk and Travis T Mallard and Andrew D Grotzinger and Rafael Romero-Garcia and Simon Baron-Cohen and Daniel H Geschwind and Madeline A Lancaster and Graham K Murray and Michael J Gandal and Aaron Alexander-Bloch and Hyejung Won and Hilary C Martin and Edward T Bullmore and Richard A I Bethlehem},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-09-01},
journal = {Nat. Genet.},
volume = {55},
number = {9},
pages = {1483–1493},
abstract = {Our understanding of the genetics of the human cerebral cortex is
limited both in terms of the diversity and the anatomical
granularity of brain structural phenotypes. Here we conducted a
genome-wide association meta-analysis of 13 structural and
diffusion magnetic resonance imaging-derived cortical phenotypes,
measured globally and at 180 bilaterally averaged regions in
36,663 individuals and identified 4,349 experiment-wide
significant loci. These phenotypes include cortical thickness,
surface area, gray matter volume, measures of folding, neurite
density and water diffusion. We identified four genetic latent
structures and causal relationships between surface area and some
measures of cortical folding. These latent structures partly
relate to different underlying gene expression trajectories
during development and are enriched for different cell types. We
also identified differential enrichment for neurodevelopmental
and constrained genes and demonstrate that common genetic
variants associated with cortical expansion are associated with
cephalic disorders. Finally, we identified complex interphenotype
and inter-regional genetic relationships among the 13 phenotypes,
reflecting the developmental differences among them. Together,
these analyses identify distinct genetic organizational
principles of the cortex and their correlates with
neurodevelopment.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Our understanding of the genetics of the human cerebral cortex is
limited both in terms of the diversity and the anatomical
granularity of brain structural phenotypes. Here we conducted a
genome-wide association meta-analysis of 13 structural and
diffusion magnetic resonance imaging-derived cortical phenotypes,
measured globally and at 180 bilaterally averaged regions in
36,663 individuals and identified 4,349 experiment-wide
significant loci. These phenotypes include cortical thickness,
surface area, gray matter volume, measures of folding, neurite
density and water diffusion. We identified four genetic latent
structures and causal relationships between surface area and some
measures of cortical folding. These latent structures partly
relate to different underlying gene expression trajectories
during development and are enriched for different cell types. We
also identified differential enrichment for neurodevelopmental
and constrained genes and demonstrate that common genetic
variants associated with cortical expansion are associated with
cephalic disorders. Finally, we identified complex interphenotype
and inter-regional genetic relationships among the 13 phenotypes,
reflecting the developmental differences among them. Together,
these analyses identify distinct genetic organizational
principles of the cortex and their correlates with
neurodevelopment.2. Fan, Xue-Ru; Wang, Yin-Shan; Chang, Da; Yang, Ning; Rong, Meng-Jie; Zhang, Zhe; He, Ye; Hou, Xiaohui; Zhou, Quan; Gong, Zhu-Qing; Cao, Li-Zhi; Dong, Hao-Ming; Nie, Jing-Jing; Chen, Li-Zhen; Zhang, Qing; Zhang, Jia-Xin; Zhang, Lei; Li, Hui-Jie; Bao, Min; Chen, Antao; Chen, Jing; Chen, Xu; Ding, Jinfeng; Dong, Xue; Du, Yi; Feng, Chen; Feng, Tingyong; Fu, Xiaolan; Ge, Li-Kun; Hong, Bao; Hu, Xiaomeng; Huang, Wenjun; Jiang, Chao; Li, Li; Li, Qi; Li, Su; Liu, Xun; Mo, Fan; Qiu, Jiang; Su, Xue-Quan; Wei, Gao-Xia; Wu, Yiyang; Xia, Haishuo; Yan, Chao-Gan; Yan, Zhi-Xiong; Yang, Xiaohong; Zhang, Wenfang; Zhao, Ke; Zhu, Liqi; (CCNC), Chinese Color Nest Consortium; (LBCC), Lifespan Brain Chart Consortium; Zuo, Xi-Nian
A longitudinal resource for population neuroscience of school-age
children and adolescents in China Journal Article
In: Sci. Data, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 545, 2023.
@article{Fan2023-rj,
title = {A longitudinal resource for population neuroscience of school-age
children and adolescents in China},
author = {Xue-Ru Fan and Yin-Shan Wang and Da Chang and Ning Yang and Meng-Jie Rong and Zhe Zhang and Ye He and Xiaohui Hou and Quan Zhou and Zhu-Qing Gong and Li-Zhi Cao and Hao-Ming Dong and Jing-Jing Nie and Li-Zhen Chen and Qing Zhang and Jia-Xin Zhang and Lei Zhang and Hui-Jie Li and Min Bao and Antao Chen and Jing Chen and Xu Chen and Jinfeng Ding and Xue Dong and Yi Du and Chen Feng and Tingyong Feng and Xiaolan Fu and Li-Kun Ge and Bao Hong and Xiaomeng Hu and Wenjun Huang and Chao Jiang and Li Li and Qi Li and Su Li and Xun Liu and Fan Mo and Jiang Qiu and Xue-Quan Su and Gao-Xia Wei and Yiyang Wu and Haishuo Xia and Chao-Gan Yan and Zhi-Xiong Yan and Xiaohong Yang and Wenfang Zhang and Ke Zhao and Liqi Zhu and Chinese Color Nest Consortium (CCNC) and Lifespan Brain Chart Consortium (LBCC) and Xi-Nian Zuo},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-08-01},
journal = {Sci. Data},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {545},
abstract = {During the past decade, cognitive neuroscience has been calling
for population diversity to address the challenge of validity and
generalizability, ushering in a new era of population
neuroscience. The developing Chinese Color Nest Project (devCCNP,
2013-2022), the first ten-year stage of the lifespan CCNP
(2013-2032), is a two-stages project focusing on brain-mind
development. The project aims to create and share a large-scale,
longitudinal and multimodal dataset of typically developing
children and adolescents (ages 6.0-17.9 at enrolment) in the
Chinese population. The devCCNP houses not only phenotypes
measured by demographic, biophysical, psychological and
behavioural, cognitive, affective, and ocular-tracking
assessments but also neurotypes measured with magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) of brain morphometry, resting-state function,
naturalistic viewing function and diffusion structure. This Data
Descriptor introduces the first data release of devCCNP including
a total of 864 visits from 479 participants. Herein, we provided
details of the experimental design, sampling strategies, and
technical validation of the devCCNP resource. We demonstrate and
discuss the potential of a multicohort longitudinal design to
depict normative brain growth curves from the perspective of
developmental population neuroscience. The devCCNP resource is
shared as part of the ``Chinese Data-sharing Warehouse for
In-vivo Imaging Brain'' in the Chinese Color Nest Project (CCNP)
- Lifespan Brain-Mind Development Data Community (
https://ccnp.scidb.cn ) at the Science Data Bank.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
During the past decade, cognitive neuroscience has been calling
for population diversity to address the challenge of validity and
generalizability, ushering in a new era of population
neuroscience. The developing Chinese Color Nest Project (devCCNP,
2013-2022), the first ten-year stage of the lifespan CCNP
(2013-2032), is a two-stages project focusing on brain-mind
development. The project aims to create and share a large-scale,
longitudinal and multimodal dataset of typically developing
children and adolescents (ages 6.0-17.9 at enrolment) in the
Chinese population. The devCCNP houses not only phenotypes
measured by demographic, biophysical, psychological and
behavioural, cognitive, affective, and ocular-tracking
assessments but also neurotypes measured with magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) of brain morphometry, resting-state function,
naturalistic viewing function and diffusion structure. This Data
Descriptor introduces the first data release of devCCNP including
a total of 864 visits from 479 participants. Herein, we provided
details of the experimental design, sampling strategies, and
technical validation of the devCCNP resource. We demonstrate and
discuss the potential of a multicohort longitudinal design to
depict normative brain growth curves from the perspective of
developmental population neuroscience. The devCCNP resource is
shared as part of the ``Chinese Data-sharing Warehouse for
In-vivo Imaging Brain'' in the Chinese Color Nest Project (CCNP)
- Lifespan Brain-Mind Development Data Community (
https://ccnp.scidb.cn ) at the Science Data Bank.3. Wan, Bin; Hong, Seok-Jun; Bethlehem, Richard A I; Floris, Dorothea L; Bernhardt, Boris C; Valk, Sofie L
Diverging asymmetry of intrinsic functional organization in
autism Journal Article
In: Mol. Psychiatry, 2023.
@article{Wan2023-pp,
title = {Diverging asymmetry of intrinsic functional organization in
autism},
author = {Bin Wan and Seok-Jun Hong and Richard A I Bethlehem and Dorothea L Floris and Boris C Bernhardt and Sofie L Valk},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-08-01},
journal = {Mol. Psychiatry},
abstract = {Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition involving atypical
sensory-perceptual functions together with language and
socio-cognitive deficits. Previous work has reported subtle
alterations in the asymmetry of brain structure and reduced
laterality of functional activation in individuals with autism
relative to non-autistic individuals (NAI). However, whether
functional asymmetries show altered intrinsic systematic
organization in autism remains unclear. Here, we examined inter-
and intra-hemispheric asymmetry of intrinsic functional gradients
capturing connectome organization along three axes, stretching
between sensory-default, somatomotor-visual, and default-multiple
demand networks, to study system-level hemispheric imbalances in
autism. We observed decreased leftward functional asymmetry of
language network organization in individuals with autism,
relative to NAI. Whereas language network asymmetry varied across
age groups in NAI, this was not the case in autism, suggesting
atypical functional laterality in autism may result from altered
developmental trajectories. Finally, we observed that intra- but
not inter-hemispheric features were predictive of the severity of
autistic traits. Our findings illustrate how regional and
patterned functional lateralization is altered in autism at the
system level. Such differences may be rooted in atypical
developmental trajectories of functional organization asymmetry
in autism.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition involving atypical
sensory-perceptual functions together with language and
socio-cognitive deficits. Previous work has reported subtle
alterations in the asymmetry of brain structure and reduced
laterality of functional activation in individuals with autism
relative to non-autistic individuals (NAI). However, whether
functional asymmetries show altered intrinsic systematic
organization in autism remains unclear. Here, we examined inter-
and intra-hemispheric asymmetry of intrinsic functional gradients
capturing connectome organization along three axes, stretching
between sensory-default, somatomotor-visual, and default-multiple
demand networks, to study system-level hemispheric imbalances in
autism. We observed decreased leftward functional asymmetry of
language network organization in individuals with autism,
relative to NAI. Whereas language network asymmetry varied across
age groups in NAI, this was not the case in autism, suggesting
atypical functional laterality in autism may result from altered
developmental trajectories. Finally, we observed that intra- but
not inter-hemispheric features were predictive of the severity of
autistic traits. Our findings illustrate how regional and
patterned functional lateralization is altered in autism at the
system level. Such differences may be rooted in atypical
developmental trajectories of functional organization asymmetry
in autism.4. Sebenius, Isaac; Seidlitz, Jakob; Warrier, Varun; Bethlehem, Richard A I; Alexander-Bloch, Aaron; Mallard, Travis T; Garcia, Rafael Romero; Bullmore, Edward T; Morgan, Sarah E
Robust estimation of cortical similarity networks from brain
MRI Journal Article
In: Nat. Neurosci., vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 1461–1471, 2023.
@article{Sebenius2023-rq,
title = {Robust estimation of cortical similarity networks from brain
MRI},
author = {Isaac Sebenius and Jakob Seidlitz and Varun Warrier and Richard A I Bethlehem and Aaron Alexander-Bloch and Travis T Mallard and Rafael Romero Garcia and Edward T Bullmore and Sarah E Morgan},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-08-01},
journal = {Nat. Neurosci.},
volume = {26},
number = {8},
pages = {1461–1471},
abstract = {Structural similarity is a growing focus for magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) of connectomes. Here we propose Morphometric
INverse Divergence (MIND), a new method to estimate
within-subject similarity between cortical areas based on the
divergence between their multivariate distributions of multiple
MRI features. Compared to the prior approach of morphometric
similarity networks (MSNs) on n > 11,000 scans spanning three
human datasets and one macaque dataset, MIND networks were more
reliable, more consistent with cortical cytoarchitectonics and
symmetry and more correlated with tract-tracing measures of
axonal connectivity. MIND networks derived from human T1-weighted
MRI were more sensitive to age-related changes than MSNs or
networks derived by tractography of diffusion-weighted MRI. Gene
co-expression between cortical areas was more strongly coupled to
MIND networks than to MSNs or tractography. MIND network
phenotypes were also more heritable, especially edges between
structurally differentiated areas. MIND network analysis provides
a biologically validated lens for cortical connectomics using
readily available MRI data.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Structural similarity is a growing focus for magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) of connectomes. Here we propose Morphometric
INverse Divergence (MIND), a new method to estimate
within-subject similarity between cortical areas based on the
divergence between their multivariate distributions of multiple
MRI features. Compared to the prior approach of morphometric
similarity networks (MSNs) on n > 11,000 scans spanning three
human datasets and one macaque dataset, MIND networks were more
reliable, more consistent with cortical cytoarchitectonics and
symmetry and more correlated with tract-tracing measures of
axonal connectivity. MIND networks derived from human T1-weighted
MRI were more sensitive to age-related changes than MSNs or
networks derived by tractography of diffusion-weighted MRI. Gene
co-expression between cortical areas was more strongly coupled to
MIND networks than to MSNs or tractography. MIND network
phenotypes were also more heritable, especially edges between
structurally differentiated areas. MIND network analysis provides
a biologically validated lens for cortical connectomics using
readily available MRI data.5. Azevedo, Tiago; Bethlehem, Richard A I; Whiteside, David J; Swaddiwudhipong, Nol; Rowe, James B; Lió, Pietro; Rittman, Timothy; Initiative, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging
Identifying healthy individuals with Alzheimer's disease
neuroimaging phenotypes in the UK Biobank Journal Article
In: Commun. Med. (Lond.), vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 100, 2023.
@article{Azevedo2023-sj,
title = {Identifying healthy individuals with Alzheimer's disease
neuroimaging phenotypes in the UK Biobank},
author = {Tiago Azevedo and Richard A I Bethlehem and David J Whiteside and Nol Swaddiwudhipong and James B Rowe and Pietro Lió and Timothy Rittman and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-07-01},
journal = {Commun. Med. (Lond.)},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {100},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Identifying prediagnostic neurodegenerative disease
is a critical issue in neurodegenerative disease research, and
Alzheimer's disease (AD) in particular, to identify populations
suitable for preventive and early disease-modifying trials.
Evidence from genetic and other studies suggests the
neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease measured by brain
atrophy starts many years before diagnosis, but it is unclear
whether these changes can be used to reliably detect
prediagnostic sporadic disease. METHODS: We trained a Bayesian
machine learning neural network model to generate a neuroimaging
phenotype and AD score representing the probability of AD using
structural MRI data in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging
Initiative (ADNI) Cohort (cut-off 0.5, AUC 0.92, PPV 0.90, NPV
0.93). We go on to validate the model in an independent
real-world dataset of the National Alzheimer's Coordinating
Centre (AUC 0.74, PPV 0.65, NPV 0.80) and demonstrate the
correlation of the AD-score with cognitive scores in those with
an AD-score above 0.5. We then apply the model to a healthy
population in the UK Biobank study to identify a cohort at risk
for Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS: We show that the cohort with a
neuroimaging Alzheimer's phenotype has a cognitive profile in
keeping with Alzheimer's disease, with strong evidence for poorer
fluid intelligence, and some evidence of poorer numeric memory,
reaction time, working memory, and prospective memory. We found
some evidence in the AD-score positive cohort for modifiable risk
factors of hypertension and smoking. CONCLUSIONS: This approach
demonstrates the feasibility of using AI methods to identify a
potentially prediagnostic population at high risk for developing
sporadic Alzheimer's disease.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Identifying prediagnostic neurodegenerative disease
is a critical issue in neurodegenerative disease research, and
Alzheimer's disease (AD) in particular, to identify populations
suitable for preventive and early disease-modifying trials.
Evidence from genetic and other studies suggests the
neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease measured by brain
atrophy starts many years before diagnosis, but it is unclear
whether these changes can be used to reliably detect
prediagnostic sporadic disease. METHODS: We trained a Bayesian
machine learning neural network model to generate a neuroimaging
phenotype and AD score representing the probability of AD using
structural MRI data in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging
Initiative (ADNI) Cohort (cut-off 0.5, AUC 0.92, PPV 0.90, NPV
0.93). We go on to validate the model in an independent
real-world dataset of the National Alzheimer's Coordinating
Centre (AUC 0.74, PPV 0.65, NPV 0.80) and demonstrate the
correlation of the AD-score with cognitive scores in those with
an AD-score above 0.5. We then apply the model to a healthy
population in the UK Biobank study to identify a cohort at risk
for Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS: We show that the cohort with a
neuroimaging Alzheimer's phenotype has a cognitive profile in
keeping with Alzheimer's disease, with strong evidence for poorer
fluid intelligence, and some evidence of poorer numeric memory,
reaction time, working memory, and prospective memory. We found
some evidence in the AD-score positive cohort for modifiable risk
factors of hypertension and smoking. CONCLUSIONS: This approach
demonstrates the feasibility of using AI methods to identify a
potentially prediagnostic population at high risk for developing
sporadic Alzheimer's disease.6. Wiedemann, Anna; Bhatti, Junaid; Hook, Roxanne W; Neufeld, Sharon A S; Consortium, NSPN; Dolan, Raymond J; Fonagy, Peter; Goodyer, Ian; Bullmore, Edward T; Chamberlain, Samuel R; Jones, Peter B
Cohort Profile Update: The Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network
(NSPN) 2400 cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic Journal Article
In: Int. J. Epidemiol., 2023.
BibTeX | Tags:
@article{Wiedemann2023-uj,
title = {Cohort Profile Update: The Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network
(NSPN) 2400 cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic},
author = {Anna Wiedemann and Junaid Bhatti and Roxanne W Hook and Sharon A S Neufeld and NSPN Consortium and Raymond J Dolan and Peter Fonagy and Ian Goodyer and Edward T Bullmore and Samuel R Chamberlain and Peter B Jones},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-07-01},
journal = {Int. J. Epidemiol.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
7. Kang, Kaidi; Seidlitz, Jakob; Bethlehem, Richard A I; Schildcrout, Jonathan; Tao, Ran; Xiong, Jiangmei; Jones, Megan T; Consortium, Lifespan Brain Chart; 3R-BRAIN,; AIBL,; Initiative, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging; Investigators, Alzheimer's Disease Repository Without Borders; Team, CALM; CCNP,; COBRE,; cVEDA,; Study, Harvard Aging Brain; IMAGEN,; POND,; Group, PREVENT-AD Research; Alexander-Bloch, Aaron; Vandekar, Simon
Study design features that improve effect sizes in
cross-sectional and longitudinal brain-wide association studies Journal Article
In: bioRxivorg, 2023.
@article{Kang2023-cv,
title = {Study design features that improve effect sizes in
cross-sectional and longitudinal brain-wide association studies},
author = {Kaidi Kang and Jakob Seidlitz and Richard A I Bethlehem and Jonathan Schildcrout and Ran Tao and Jiangmei Xiong and Megan T Jones and Lifespan Brain Chart Consortium and 3R-BRAIN and AIBL and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and Alzheimer's Disease Repository Without Borders Investigators and CALM Team and CCNP and COBRE and cVEDA and Harvard Aging Brain Study and IMAGEN and POND and PREVENT-AD Research Group and Aaron Alexander-Bloch and Simon Vandekar},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-05-01},
journal = {bioRxivorg},
abstract = {Brain-wide association studies (BWAS) are a fundamental tool in
discovering brain-behavior associations. Several recent studies
showed that thousands of study participants are required to
improve the replicability of BWAS because actual effect sizes are
much smaller than those reported in smaller studies. Here, we
perform a meta-analysis of a robust effect size index (RESI)
using 63 longitudinal and cross-sectional magnetic resonance
imaging studies (75,255 total scans) to demonstrate that
optimizing study design is an important way to improve
standardized effect sizes in BWAS. Our results of brain volume
associations with demographic and cognitive variables indicate
that BWAS with larger standard deviation of the independent
variable have larger effect size estimates and that longitudinal
studies have systematically larger standardized effect sizes than
cross-sectional studies by 290%. We propose a crosssectional
RESI to adjust for the systematic difference in effect sizes
between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that allows
investigators to quantify the benefit of conducting their study
longitudinally. Using bootstrapping in the Lifespan Brain Chart
Consortium we show that modifying study design to increase
between-subject standard deviation by 45% increases standardized
effect sizes by 42% and adding a second measurement per subject
can increase effect sizes by 35%. These findings underscore the
importance of considering design features in BWAS and emphasize
that increasing sample size is not the only approach to improve
the replicability of BWAS.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brain-wide association studies (BWAS) are a fundamental tool in
discovering brain-behavior associations. Several recent studies
showed that thousands of study participants are required to
improve the replicability of BWAS because actual effect sizes are
much smaller than those reported in smaller studies. Here, we
perform a meta-analysis of a robust effect size index (RESI)
using 63 longitudinal and cross-sectional magnetic resonance
imaging studies (75,255 total scans) to demonstrate that
optimizing study design is an important way to improve
standardized effect sizes in BWAS. Our results of brain volume
associations with demographic and cognitive variables indicate
that BWAS with larger standard deviation of the independent
variable have larger effect size estimates and that longitudinal
studies have systematically larger standardized effect sizes than
cross-sectional studies by 290%. We propose a crosssectional
RESI to adjust for the systematic difference in effect sizes
between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that allows
investigators to quantify the benefit of conducting their study
longitudinally. Using bootstrapping in the Lifespan Brain Chart
Consortium we show that modifying study design to increase
between-subject standard deviation by 45% increases standardized
effect sizes by 42% and adding a second measurement per subject
can increase effect sizes by 35%. These findings underscore the
importance of considering design features in BWAS and emphasize
that increasing sample size is not the only approach to improve
the replicability of BWAS.8. Biase, Maria A Di; Tian, Ye Ella; Bethlehem, Richard A I; Seidlitz, Jakob; Alexander-Bloch, Aaron F; Yeo, B T Thomas; Zalesky, Andrew
Mapping human brain charts cross-sectionally and longitudinally Journal Article
In: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., vol. 120, no. 20, pp. e2216798120, 2023.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: brain trajectory; cross-sectional; individual prediction; longitudinal; normative models
@article{Di_Biase2023-lg,
title = {Mapping human brain charts cross-sectionally and longitudinally},
author = {Maria A Di Biase and Ye Ella Tian and Richard A I Bethlehem and Jakob Seidlitz and Aaron F Alexander-Bloch and B T Thomas Yeo and Andrew Zalesky},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-05-01},
journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.},
volume = {120},
number = {20},
pages = {e2216798120},
abstract = {Brain scans acquired across large, age-diverse cohorts have
facilitated recent progress in establishing normative brain aging
charts. Here, we ask the critical question of whether
cross-sectional estimates of age-related brain trajectories
resemble those directly measured from longitudinal data. We show
that age-related brain changes inferred from cross-sectionally
mapped brain charts can substantially underestimate actual
changes measured longitudinally. We further find that brain aging
trajectories vary markedly between individuals and are difficult
to predict with population-level age trends estimated
cross-sectionally. Prediction errors relate modestly to
neuroimaging confounds and lifestyle factors. Our findings
provide explicit evidence for the importance of longitudinal
measurements in ascertaining brain development and aging
trajectories.},
keywords = {brain trajectory; cross-sectional; individual prediction; longitudinal; normative models},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Brain scans acquired across large, age-diverse cohorts have
facilitated recent progress in establishing normative brain aging
charts. Here, we ask the critical question of whether
cross-sectional estimates of age-related brain trajectories
resemble those directly measured from longitudinal data. We show
that age-related brain changes inferred from cross-sectionally
mapped brain charts can substantially underestimate actual
changes measured longitudinally. We further find that brain aging
trajectories vary markedly between individuals and are difficult
to predict with population-level age trends estimated
cross-sectionally. Prediction errors relate modestly to
neuroimaging confounds and lifestyle factors. Our findings
provide explicit evidence for the importance of longitudinal
measurements in ascertaining brain development and aging
trajectories.9. Zugman, André; Alliende, Luz María; Medel, Vicente; Bethlehem, Richard A I; Seidlitz, Jakob; Ringlein, Grace; Arango, Celso; Arnatkeviči=ut.e, Aurina; Asmal, Laila; Bellgrove, Mark; Benegal, Vivek; Bernardo, Miquel; Billeke, Pablo; Bosch-Bayard, Jorge; Bressan, Rodrigo; Busatto, Geraldo F; Castro, Mariana N; Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany; Compte, Albert; Costanzi, Monise; Czepielewski, Leticia; Dazzan, Paola; Fuente-Sandoval, Camilo; Forti, Marta Di; Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M; Díaz-Zuluaga, Ana María; Plessis, Stefan Du; Duran, Fabio L S; Fittipaldi, Sol; Fornito, Alex; Freimer, Nelson B; Gadelha, Ary; Gama, Clarissa S; Garani, Ranjini; Garcia-Rizo, Clemente; Campo, Cecilia Gonzalez; Gonzalez-Valderrama, Alfonso; Guinjoan, Salvador; Holla, Bharath; Ibañez, Agustín; Ivanovic, Daniza; Jackowski, Andrea; Leon-Ortiz, Pablo; Lochner, Christine; López-Jaramillo, Carlos; Luckhoff, Hilmar; Massuda, Raffael; McGuire, Philip; Miyata, Jun; Mizrahi, Romina; Murray, Robin; Ozerdem, Aysegul; Pan, Pedro M; Parellada, Mara; Phahladira, Lebogan; Ramirez-Mahaluf, Juan P; Reckziegel, Ramiro; Marques, Tiago Reis; Reyes-Madrigal, Francisco; Roos, Annerine; Rosa, Pedro; Salum, Giovanni; Scheffler, Freda; Schumann, Gunter; Serpa, Mauricio; Stein, Dan J; Tepper, Angeles; Tiego, Jeggan; Ueno, Tsukasa; Undurraga, Juan; Undurraga, Eduardo A; Valdes-Sosa, Pedro; Valli, Isabel; Villarreal, Mirta; Winton-Brown, Toby T; Yalin, Nefize; Zamorano, Francisco; Zanetti, Marcus V; cVEDA,; Winkler, Anderson M; Pine, Daniel S; Evans-Lacko, Sara; Crossley, Nicolas A
Country-level gender inequality is associated with structural
differences in the brains of women and men Journal Article
In: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., vol. 120, no. 20, pp. e2218782120, 2023.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: gender inequality; sex differences; structural brain MRI
@article{Zugman2023-jb,
title = {Country-level gender inequality is associated with structural
differences in the brains of women and men},
author = {André Zugman and Luz María Alliende and Vicente Medel and Richard A I Bethlehem and Jakob Seidlitz and Grace Ringlein and Celso Arango and Aurina Arnatkeviči=ut.e and Laila Asmal and Mark Bellgrove and Vivek Benegal and Miquel Bernardo and Pablo Billeke and Jorge Bosch-Bayard and Rodrigo Bressan and Geraldo F Busatto and Mariana N Castro and Tiffany Chaim-Avancini and Albert Compte and Monise Costanzi and Leticia Czepielewski and Paola Dazzan and Camilo Fuente-Sandoval and Marta Di Forti and Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja and Ana María Díaz-Zuluaga and Stefan Du Plessis and Fabio L S Duran and Sol Fittipaldi and Alex Fornito and Nelson B Freimer and Ary Gadelha and Clarissa S Gama and Ranjini Garani and Clemente Garcia-Rizo and Cecilia Gonzalez Campo and Alfonso Gonzalez-Valderrama and Salvador Guinjoan and Bharath Holla and Agustín Ibañez and Daniza Ivanovic and Andrea Jackowski and Pablo Leon-Ortiz and Christine Lochner and Carlos López-Jaramillo and Hilmar Luckhoff and Raffael Massuda and Philip McGuire and Jun Miyata and Romina Mizrahi and Robin Murray and Aysegul Ozerdem and Pedro M Pan and Mara Parellada and Lebogan Phahladira and Juan P Ramirez-Mahaluf and Ramiro Reckziegel and Tiago Reis Marques and Francisco Reyes-Madrigal and Annerine Roos and Pedro Rosa and Giovanni Salum and Freda Scheffler and Gunter Schumann and Mauricio Serpa and Dan J Stein and Angeles Tepper and Jeggan Tiego and Tsukasa Ueno and Juan Undurraga and Eduardo A Undurraga and Pedro Valdes-Sosa and Isabel Valli and Mirta Villarreal and Toby T Winton-Brown and Nefize Yalin and Francisco Zamorano and Marcus V Zanetti and cVEDA and Anderson M Winkler and Daniel S Pine and Sara Evans-Lacko and Nicolas A Crossley},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-05-01},
journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.},
volume = {120},
number = {20},
pages = {e2218782120},
abstract = {Gender inequality across the world has been associated with a
higher risk to mental health problems and lower academic
achievement in women compared to men. We also know that the brain
is shaped by nurturing and adverse socio-environmental
experiences. Therefore, unequal exposure to harsher conditions
for women compared to men in gender-unequal countries might be
reflected in differences in their brain structure, and this could
be the neural mechanism partly explaining women's worse outcomes
in gender-unequal countries. We examined this through a
random-effects meta-analysis on cortical thickness and surface
area differences between adult healthy men and women, including a
meta-regression in which country-level gender inequality acted as
an explanatory variable for the observed differences. A total of
139 samples from 29 different countries, totaling 7,876 MRI
scans, were included. Thickness of the right hemisphere, and
particularly the right caudal anterior cingulate, right medial
orbitofrontal, and left lateral occipital cortex, presented no
differences or even thicker regional cortices in women compared
to men in gender-equal countries, reversing to thinner cortices
in countries with greater gender inequality. These results point
to the potentially hazardous effect of gender inequality on
women's brains and provide initial evidence for
neuroscience-informed policies for gender equality.},
keywords = {gender inequality; sex differences; structural brain MRI},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gender inequality across the world has been associated with a
higher risk to mental health problems and lower academic
achievement in women compared to men. We also know that the brain
is shaped by nurturing and adverse socio-environmental
experiences. Therefore, unequal exposure to harsher conditions
for women compared to men in gender-unequal countries might be
reflected in differences in their brain structure, and this could
be the neural mechanism partly explaining women's worse outcomes
in gender-unequal countries. We examined this through a
random-effects meta-analysis on cortical thickness and surface
area differences between adult healthy men and women, including a
meta-regression in which country-level gender inequality acted as
an explanatory variable for the observed differences. A total of
139 samples from 29 different countries, totaling 7,876 MRI
scans, were included. Thickness of the right hemisphere, and
particularly the right caudal anterior cingulate, right medial
orbitofrontal, and left lateral occipital cortex, presented no
differences or even thicker regional cortices in women compared
to men in gender-equal countries, reversing to thinner cortices
in countries with greater gender inequality. These results point
to the potentially hazardous effect of gender inequality on
women's brains and provide initial evidence for
neuroscience-informed policies for gender equality.10. Seyedsalehi, Aida; Warrier, Varun; Bethlehem, Richard A I; Perry, Benjamin I; Burgess, Stephen; Murray, Graham K
Educational attainment, structural brain reserve and Alzheimer's
disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis Journal Article
In: Brain, vol. 146, no. 5, pp. 2059–2074, 2023.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Alzheimer's disease; MRI; Mendelian randomization; brain reserve; educational attainment
@article{Seyedsalehi2023-zu,
title = {Educational attainment, structural brain reserve and Alzheimer's
disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis},
author = {Aida Seyedsalehi and Varun Warrier and Richard A I Bethlehem and Benjamin I Perry and Stephen Burgess and Graham K Murray},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-05-01},
journal = {Brain},
volume = {146},
number = {5},
pages = {2059–2074},
publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
abstract = {Higher educational attainment is observationally associated with
lower risk of Alzheimer's disease. However, the biological
mechanisms underpinning this association remain unclear. The
protective effect of education on Alzheimer's disease may be
mediated via increased brain reserve. We used two-sample
Mendelian randomization to explore putative causal relationships
between educational attainment, structural brain reserve as
proxied by MRI phenotypes and Alzheimer's disease. Summary
statistics were obtained from genome-wide association studies of educational attainment (n = 1 131 881), late-onset Alzheimer's
disease (35 274 cases, 59 163 controls) and 15 measures of grey
or white matter macro- or micro-structure derived from structural or diffusion MRI (nmax = 33 211). We conducted
univariable Mendelian randomization analyses to investigate
bidirectional associations between (i) educational attainment
and Alzheimer's disease; (ii) educational attainment and
imaging-derived phenotypes; and (iii) imaging-derived phenotypes
and Alzheimer's disease. Multivariable Mendelian randomization
was used to assess whether brain structure phenotypes mediated
the effect of education on Alzheimer's disease risk. Genetically
proxied educational attainment was inversely associated with
Alzheimer's disease (odds ratio per standard deviation increase in genetically predicted years of schooling = 0.70, 95%
confidence interval 0.60, 0.80). There were positive
associations between genetically predicted educational
attainment and four cortical metrics (standard deviation units
change in imaging phenotype per one standard deviation increase
in genetically predicted years of schooling): surface area 0.30
(95% confidence interval 0.20, 0.40); volume 0.29 (95%
confidence interval 0.20, 0.37); intrinsic curvature 0.18 (95%
confidence interval 0.11, 0.25); local gyrification index 0.21
(95% confidence interval 0.11, 0.31)]; and inverse associations
with cortical intracellular volume fraction [-0.09 (95%
confidence interval -0.15, -0.03)] and white matter
hyperintensities volume [-0.14 (95% confidence interval -0.23,
-0.05)]. Genetically proxied levels of surface area, cortical
volume and intrinsic curvature were positively associated with
educational attainment [standard deviation units change in years
of schooling per one standard deviation increase in respective
genetically predicted imaging phenotype: 0.13 (95% confidence
interval 0.10, 0.16); 0.15 (95% confidence interval 0.11, 0.19)
and 0.12 (95% confidence interval 0.04, 0.19)]. We found no
evidence of associations between genetically predicted
imaging-derived phenotypes and Alzheimer's disease. The inverse
association of genetically predicted educational attainment with
Alzheimer's disease did not attenuate after adjusting for
imaging-derived phenotypes in multivariable analyses. Our
results provide support for a protective causal effect of
educational attainment on Alzheimer's disease risk, as well as
potential bidirectional causal relationships between education
and brain macro- and micro-structure. However, we did not find
evidence that these structural markers affect risk of
Alzheimer's disease. The protective effect of education on
Alzheimer's disease may be mediated via other measures of brain
reserve not included in the present study, or by alternative
mechanisms.},
keywords = {Alzheimer's disease; MRI; Mendelian randomization; brain reserve; educational attainment},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Higher educational attainment is observationally associated with
lower risk of Alzheimer's disease. However, the biological
mechanisms underpinning this association remain unclear. The
protective effect of education on Alzheimer's disease may be
mediated via increased brain reserve. We used two-sample
Mendelian randomization to explore putative causal relationships
between educational attainment, structural brain reserve as
proxied by MRI phenotypes and Alzheimer's disease. Summary
statistics were obtained from genome-wide association studies of educational attainment (n = 1 131 881), late-onset Alzheimer's
disease (35 274 cases, 59 163 controls) and 15 measures of grey
or white matter macro- or micro-structure derived from structural or diffusion MRI (nmax = 33 211). We conducted
univariable Mendelian randomization analyses to investigate
bidirectional associations between (i) educational attainment
and Alzheimer's disease; (ii) educational attainment and
imaging-derived phenotypes; and (iii) imaging-derived phenotypes
and Alzheimer's disease. Multivariable Mendelian randomization
was used to assess whether brain structure phenotypes mediated
the effect of education on Alzheimer's disease risk. Genetically
proxied educational attainment was inversely associated with
Alzheimer's disease (odds ratio per standard deviation increase in genetically predicted years of schooling = 0.70, 95%
confidence interval 0.60, 0.80). There were positive
associations between genetically predicted educational
attainment and four cortical metrics (standard deviation units
change in imaging phenotype per one standard deviation increase
in genetically predicted years of schooling): surface area 0.30
(95% confidence interval 0.20, 0.40); volume 0.29 (95%
confidence interval 0.20, 0.37); intrinsic curvature 0.18 (95%
confidence interval 0.11, 0.25); local gyrification index 0.21
(95% confidence interval 0.11, 0.31)]; and inverse associations
with cortical intracellular volume fraction [-0.09 (95%
confidence interval -0.15, -0.03)] and white matter
hyperintensities volume [-0.14 (95% confidence interval -0.23,
-0.05)]. Genetically proxied levels of surface area, cortical
volume and intrinsic curvature were positively associated with
educational attainment [standard deviation units change in years
of schooling per one standard deviation increase in respective
genetically predicted imaging phenotype: 0.13 (95% confidence
interval 0.10, 0.16); 0.15 (95% confidence interval 0.11, 0.19)
and 0.12 (95% confidence interval 0.04, 0.19)]. We found no
evidence of associations between genetically predicted
imaging-derived phenotypes and Alzheimer's disease. The inverse
association of genetically predicted educational attainment with
Alzheimer's disease did not attenuate after adjusting for
imaging-derived phenotypes in multivariable analyses. Our
results provide support for a protective causal effect of
educational attainment on Alzheimer's disease risk, as well as
potential bidirectional causal relationships between education
and brain macro- and micro-structure. However, we did not find
evidence that these structural markers affect risk of
Alzheimer's disease. The protective effect of education on
Alzheimer's disease may be mediated via other measures of brain
reserve not included in the present study, or by alternative
mechanisms.11. Hernandez, Leanna M; Kim, Minsoo; Zhang, Pan; Bethlehem, Richard A I; Hoftman, Gil; Loughnan, Robert; Smith, Diana; Bookheimer, Susan Y; Fan, Chun Chieh; Bearden, Carrie E; Thompson, Wesley K; Gandal, Michael J
Multi-ancestry phenome-wide association of complement component 4
variation with psychiatric and brain phenotypes in youth Journal Article
In: Genome Biol., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 42, 2023.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Brain; Complement; Gene expression; Genetics; Neuroimaging; Psychosis; Schizophrenia
@article{Hernandez2023-yv,
title = {Multi-ancestry phenome-wide association of complement component 4
variation with psychiatric and brain phenotypes in youth},
author = {Leanna M Hernandez and Minsoo Kim and Pan Zhang and Richard A I Bethlehem and Gil Hoftman and Robert Loughnan and Diana Smith and Susan Y Bookheimer and Chun Chieh Fan and Carrie E Bearden and Wesley K Thompson and Michael J Gandal},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-03-01},
journal = {Genome Biol.},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {42},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Increased expression of the complement component 4A
(C4A) gene is associated with a greater lifetime risk of
schizophrenia. In the brain, C4A is involved in synaptic pruning;
yet, it remains unclear the extent to which upregulation of C4A
alters brain development or is associated with the risk for
psychotic symptoms in childhood. Here, we perform a
multi-ancestry phenome-wide association study in 7789 children
aged 9-12 years to examine the relationship between genetically
regulated expression (GREx) of C4A, childhood brain structure,
cognition, and psychiatric symptoms. RESULTS: While C4A GREx is
not related to childhood psychotic experiences, cognition, or
global measures of brain structure, it is associated with a
localized reduction in regional surface area (SA) of the
entorhinal cortex. Furthermore, we show that reduced entorhinal
cortex SA at 9-10 years predicts a greater number and severity of
psychosis-like events at 1-year and 2-year follow-up time points.
We also demonstrate that the effects of C4A on the entorhinal
cortex are independent of genome-wide polygenic risk for
schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest
neurodevelopmental effects of C4A on childhood medial temporal
lobe structure, which may serve as a biomarker for schizophrenia
risk prior to symptom onset.},
keywords = {Brain; Complement; Gene expression; Genetics; Neuroimaging; Psychosis; Schizophrenia},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Increased expression of the complement component 4A
(C4A) gene is associated with a greater lifetime risk of
schizophrenia. In the brain, C4A is involved in synaptic pruning;
yet, it remains unclear the extent to which upregulation of C4A
alters brain development or is associated with the risk for
psychotic symptoms in childhood. Here, we perform a
multi-ancestry phenome-wide association study in 7789 children
aged 9-12 years to examine the relationship between genetically
regulated expression (GREx) of C4A, childhood brain structure,
cognition, and psychiatric symptoms. RESULTS: While C4A GREx is
not related to childhood psychotic experiences, cognition, or
global measures of brain structure, it is associated with a
localized reduction in regional surface area (SA) of the
entorhinal cortex. Furthermore, we show that reduced entorhinal
cortex SA at 9-10 years predicts a greater number and severity of
psychosis-like events at 1-year and 2-year follow-up time points.
We also demonstrate that the effects of C4A on the entorhinal
cortex are independent of genome-wide polygenic risk for
schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest
neurodevelopmental effects of C4A on childhood medial temporal
lobe structure, which may serve as a biomarker for schizophrenia
risk prior to symptom onset.12. Romero-Garcia, Rafael; Mandal, Ayan S; Bethlehem, Richard A I; Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto; Hart, Michael G; Suckling, John
Transcriptomic and connectomic correlates of differential
spatial patterning among gliomas Journal Article
In: Brain, vol. 146, no. 3, pp. 1200–1211, 2023.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: connectomic; gene expression; glioma; transcriptomic
@article{Romero-Garcia2023-rx,
title = {Transcriptomic and connectomic correlates of differential
spatial patterning among gliomas},
author = {Rafael Romero-Garcia and Ayan S Mandal and Richard A I Bethlehem and Benedicto Crespo-Facorro and Michael G Hart and John Suckling},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-03-01},
journal = {Brain},
volume = {146},
number = {3},
pages = {1200–1211},
publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
abstract = {Unravelling the complex events driving grade-specific spatial
distribution of brain tumour occurrence requires rich datasets
from both healthy individuals and patients. Here, we combined
open-access data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, the UK Biobank
and the Allen Brain Human Atlas to disentangle how the different
spatial occurrences of glioblastoma multiforme and low-grade
gliomas are linked to brain network features and the normative
transcriptional profiles of brain regions. From MRI of brain
tumour patients, we first constructed a grade-related frequency
map of the regional occurrence of low-grade gliomas and the more
aggressive glioblastoma multiforme. Using associated mRNA
transcription data, we derived a set of differential gene
expressions from glioblastoma multiforme and low-grade gliomas
tissues of the same patients. By combining the resulting values
with normative gene expressions from post-mortem brain tissue,
we constructed a grade-related expression map indicating which
brain regions express genes dysregulated in aggressive gliomas.
Additionally, we derived an expression map of genes previously
associated with tumour subtypes in a genome-wide association
study (tumour-related genes). There were significant
associations between grade-related frequency, grade-related
expression and tumour-related expression maps, as well as
functional brain network features (specifically, nodal strength
and participation coefficient) that are implicated in
neurological and psychiatric disorders. These findings identify
brain network dynamics and transcriptomic signatures as key
factors in regional vulnerability for glioblastoma multiforme
and low-grade glioma occurrence, placing primary brain tumours
within a well established framework of neurological and
psychiatric cortical alterations.},
keywords = {connectomic; gene expression; glioma; transcriptomic},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Unravelling the complex events driving grade-specific spatial
distribution of brain tumour occurrence requires rich datasets
from both healthy individuals and patients. Here, we combined
open-access data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, the UK Biobank
and the Allen Brain Human Atlas to disentangle how the different
spatial occurrences of glioblastoma multiforme and low-grade
gliomas are linked to brain network features and the normative
transcriptional profiles of brain regions. From MRI of brain
tumour patients, we first constructed a grade-related frequency
map of the regional occurrence of low-grade gliomas and the more
aggressive glioblastoma multiforme. Using associated mRNA
transcription data, we derived a set of differential gene
expressions from glioblastoma multiforme and low-grade gliomas
tissues of the same patients. By combining the resulting values
with normative gene expressions from post-mortem brain tissue,
we constructed a grade-related expression map indicating which
brain regions express genes dysregulated in aggressive gliomas.
Additionally, we derived an expression map of genes previously
associated with tumour subtypes in a genome-wide association
study (tumour-related genes). There were significant
associations between grade-related frequency, grade-related
expression and tumour-related expression maps, as well as
functional brain network features (specifically, nodal strength
and participation coefficient) that are implicated in
neurological and psychiatric disorders. These findings identify
brain network dynamics and transcriptomic signatures as key
factors in regional vulnerability for glioblastoma multiforme
and low-grade glioma occurrence, placing primary brain tumours
within a well established framework of neurological and
psychiatric cortical alterations.13. Grant, Jon E; Bethlehem, Richard A I; Chamberlain, Samuel R; Peris, Tara S; Ricketts, Emily J; O'Neill, Joseph; Dougherty, Darin D; Stein, Dan; Lochner, Christine; Woods, Douglas W; Piacentini, John; Keuthen, Nancy J
Neurobiology of subtypes of trichotillomania and skin picking
disorder Journal Article
In: CNS Spectr., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 98–103, 2023.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Trichotillomania; imaging; neurobiology; skin picking disorder; subtypes
@article{Grant2023-xu,
title = {Neurobiology of subtypes of trichotillomania and skin picking
disorder},
author = {Jon E Grant and Richard A I Bethlehem and Samuel R Chamberlain and Tara S Peris and Emily J Ricketts and Joseph O'Neill and Darin D Dougherty and Dan Stein and Christine Lochner and Douglas W Woods and John Piacentini and Nancy J Keuthen},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-02-01},
journal = {CNS Spectr.},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {98–103},
publisher = {Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Trichotillomania (TTM) and skin picking disorder
(SPD) are common and often debilitating mental health
conditions, grouped under the umbrella term of body-focused
repetitive behaviors (BFRBs). Recent clinical subtyping found
that there were three distinct subtypes of TTM and two of SPD.
Whether these clinical subtypes map on to any unique
neurobiological underpinnings, however, remains unknown.
METHODS: Two hundred and fifty one adults [193 with a BFRB (85.5% [n = 165] female) and 58 healthy controls (77.6% [n =
45] female)] were recruited from the community for a multicenter
between-group comparison using structural neuroimaging.
Differences in whole brain structure were compared across the
subtypes of BFRBs, controlling for age, sex, scanning site, and
intracranial volume. RESULTS: When the subtypes of TTM were
compared, low awareness hair pullers demonstrated increased
cortical volume in the lateral occipital lobe relative to
controls and sensory sensitive pullers. In addition,
impulsive/perfectionist hair pullers showed relative decreased
volume near the lingual gyrus of the inferior occipital-parietal
lobe compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate
that the anatomical substrates of particular forms of BFRBs are
dissociable, which may have implications for understanding
clinical presentations and treatment response.},
keywords = {Trichotillomania; imaging; neurobiology; skin picking disorder; subtypes},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Trichotillomania (TTM) and skin picking disorder
(SPD) are common and often debilitating mental health
conditions, grouped under the umbrella term of body-focused
repetitive behaviors (BFRBs). Recent clinical subtyping found
that there were three distinct subtypes of TTM and two of SPD.
Whether these clinical subtypes map on to any unique
neurobiological underpinnings, however, remains unknown.
METHODS: Two hundred and fifty one adults [193 with a BFRB (85.5% [n = 165] female) and 58 healthy controls (77.6% [n =
45] female)] were recruited from the community for a multicenter
between-group comparison using structural neuroimaging.
Differences in whole brain structure were compared across the
subtypes of BFRBs, controlling for age, sex, scanning site, and
intracranial volume. RESULTS: When the subtypes of TTM were
compared, low awareness hair pullers demonstrated increased
cortical volume in the lateral occipital lobe relative to
controls and sensory sensitive pullers. In addition,
impulsive/perfectionist hair pullers showed relative decreased
volume near the lingual gyrus of the inferior occipital-parietal
lobe compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate
that the anatomical substrates of particular forms of BFRBs are
dissociable, which may have implications for understanding
clinical presentations and treatment response.14. Zhao, Ying; Skandali, Nikolina; Bethlehem, Richard A I; Voon, Valerie
Mesial prefrontal cortex and alcohol misuse: Dissociating
cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships in UK Biobank Journal Article
In: Biol. Psychiatry, vol. 92, no. 11, pp. 907–916, 2022.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Alcohol misuse; Cross-sectional; Longitudinal; Neuroimaging; UK Biobank
@article{Zhao2022-yo,
title = {Mesial prefrontal cortex and alcohol misuse: Dissociating
cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships in UK Biobank},
author = {Ying Zhao and Nikolina Skandali and Richard A I Bethlehem and Valerie Voon},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-12-01},
journal = {Biol. Psychiatry},
volume = {92},
number = {11},
pages = {907–916},
publisher = {Elsevier BV},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Alcohol misuse is a major global public health
issue. The disorder is characterized by aberrant neural networks
interacting with environment and genetics. Dissecting the neural
substrates and functional networks that relate to longitudinal
changes in alcohol use from those that relate to alcohol misuse
cross-sectionally is important to elucidate therapeutic
approaches. METHODS: To assess how neuroimaging data, including
T1, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, and
diffusion-weighted imaging, relate to alcohol misuse
cross-sectionally and longitudinally in the UK Biobank, this
study analyzed range of alcohol misuse in a population-based
normative sample of 24,784 participants, ages 45 to 81 years
old, in a cross-sectional analysis and a sample of 3070
participants in a longitudinal analysis 2 years later. RESULTS:
Cross-sectional analysis showed that alcohol use is associated
with a reduction in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and
dorsomedial prefrontal cortex gray matter concentration and functional resting-state connectivity (nodal degree: t2},
keywords = {Alcohol misuse; Cross-sectional; Longitudinal; Neuroimaging; UK Biobank},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Alcohol misuse is a major global public health
issue. The disorder is characterized by aberrant neural networks
interacting with environment and genetics. Dissecting the neural
substrates and functional networks that relate to longitudinal
changes in alcohol use from those that relate to alcohol misuse
cross-sectionally is important to elucidate therapeutic
approaches. METHODS: To assess how neuroimaging data, including
T1, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, and
diffusion-weighted imaging, relate to alcohol misuse
cross-sectionally and longitudinally in the UK Biobank, this
study analyzed range of alcohol misuse in a population-based
normative sample of 24,784 participants, ages 45 to 81 years
old, in a cross-sectional analysis and a sample of 3070
participants in a longitudinal analysis 2 years later. RESULTS:
Cross-sectional analysis showed that alcohol use is associated
with a reduction in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and
dorsomedial prefrontal cortex gray matter concentration and functional resting-state connectivity (nodal degree: t215. Hettwer, M D; Larivière, S; Park, B Y; Heuvel, O A; Schmaal, L; Andreassen, O A; Ching, C R K; Hoogman, M; Buitelaar, J; Rooij, D; Veltman, D J; Stein, D J; Franke, B; Erp, T G M; Group, ENIGMA ADHD Working; Group, ENIGMA Autism Working; Group, ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working; Group, ENIGMA Major Depression Working; Group, ENIGMA OCD Working; Group, ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working; Jahanshad, N; Thompson, P M; Thomopoulos, S I; Bethlehem, R A I; Bernhardt, B C; Eickhoff, S B; Valk, S L
Coordinated cortical thickness alterations across six
neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders Journal Article
In: Nat. Commun., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 6851, 2022.
@article{Hettwer2022-oa,
title = {Coordinated cortical thickness alterations across six
neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders},
author = {M D Hettwer and S Larivière and B Y Park and O A Heuvel and L Schmaal and O A Andreassen and C R K Ching and M Hoogman and J Buitelaar and D Rooij and D J Veltman and D J Stein and B Franke and T G M Erp and ENIGMA ADHD Working Group and ENIGMA Autism Working Group and ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group and ENIGMA Major Depression Working Group and ENIGMA OCD Working Group and ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group and N Jahanshad and P M Thompson and S I Thomopoulos and R A I Bethlehem and B C Bernhardt and S B Eickhoff and S L Valk},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-01},
journal = {Nat. Commun.},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {6851},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {Neuropsychiatric disorders are increasingly conceptualized as
overlapping spectra sharing multi-level neurobiological
alterations. However, whether transdiagnostic cortical
alterations covary in a biologically meaningful way is currently
unknown. Here, we studied co-alteration networks across six
neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, reflecting
pathological structural covariance. In 12,024 patients and
18,969 controls from the ENIGMA consortium, we observed that
co-alteration patterns followed normative connectome
organization and were anchored to prefrontal and temporal
disease epicenters. Manifold learning revealed
frontal-to-temporal and sensory/limbic-to-occipitoparietal
transdiagnostic gradients, differentiating shared illness
effects on cortical thickness along these axes. The principal
gradient aligned with a normative cortical thickness covariance
gradient and established a transcriptomic link to
cortico-cerebello-thalamic circuits. Moreover, transdiagnostic
gradients segregated functional networks involved in basic
sensory, attentional/perceptual, and domain-general cognitive
processes, and distinguished between regional cytoarchitectonic
profiles. Together, our findings indicate that shared illness
effects occur in a synchronized fashion and along multiple
levels of hierarchical cortical organization.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Neuropsychiatric disorders are increasingly conceptualized as
overlapping spectra sharing multi-level neurobiological
alterations. However, whether transdiagnostic cortical
alterations covary in a biologically meaningful way is currently
unknown. Here, we studied co-alteration networks across six
neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, reflecting
pathological structural covariance. In 12,024 patients and
18,969 controls from the ENIGMA consortium, we observed that
co-alteration patterns followed normative connectome
organization and were anchored to prefrontal and temporal
disease epicenters. Manifold learning revealed
frontal-to-temporal and sensory/limbic-to-occipitoparietal
transdiagnostic gradients, differentiating shared illness
effects on cortical thickness along these axes. The principal
gradient aligned with a normative cortical thickness covariance
gradient and established a transcriptomic link to
cortico-cerebello-thalamic circuits. Moreover, transdiagnostic
gradients segregated functional networks involved in basic
sensory, attentional/perceptual, and domain-general cognitive
processes, and distinguished between regional cytoarchitectonic
profiles. Together, our findings indicate that shared illness
effects occur in a synchronized fashion and along multiple
levels of hierarchical cortical organization.16. Yin, Shelly; Hong, Seok-Jun; Martino, Adriana Di; Milham, Michael P; Park, Bo-Yong; Benkarim, Oualid; Bethlehem, Richard A I; Bernhardt, Boris C; Paquola, Casey
Shared and distinct patterns of atypical cortical morphometry in
children with autism and anxiety Journal Article
In: Cereb. Cortex, vol. 32, no. 20, pp. 4565–4575, 2022.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: anxiety; autism; cortical thickness; magnetic resonance imaging; structural covariance; transdiagnostic
@article{Yin2022-wd,
title = {Shared and distinct patterns of atypical cortical morphometry in
children with autism and anxiety},
author = {Shelly Yin and Seok-Jun Hong and Adriana Di Martino and Michael P Milham and Bo-Yong Park and Oualid Benkarim and Richard A I Bethlehem and Boris C Bernhardt and Casey Paquola},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-01},
journal = {Cereb. Cortex},
volume = {32},
number = {20},
pages = {4565–4575},
publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
abstract = {Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anxiety disorders (ANX) are
common neurodevelopmental conditions with several overlapping
symptoms. Notably, many children and adolescents with ASD also
have an ANX diagnosis, suggesting shared pathological
mechanisms. Here, we leveraged structural imaging and phenotypic
data from 112 youth (33 ASD, 37 ANX, 42 typically developing
controls) to assess shared and distinct cortical thickness
patterns of the disorders. ANX was associated with widespread
increases in cortical thickness, while ASD related to a mixed
pattern of subtle increases and decreases across the cortical
mantle. Despite the qualitative difference in the case-control
contrasts, the statistical maps from the ANX-vs-controls and
ASD-vs-controls analyses were significantly correlated when
correcting for spatial autocorrelation. Dimensional analysis,
regressing trait anxiety and social responsiveness against
cortical thickness measures, partially recapitulated
diagnosis-based findings. Collectively, our findings provide
evidence for a common axis of neurodevelopmental disturbances as
well as distinct effects of ASD and ANX on cortical thickness.},
keywords = {anxiety; autism; cortical thickness; magnetic resonance imaging; structural covariance; transdiagnostic},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anxiety disorders (ANX) are
common neurodevelopmental conditions with several overlapping
symptoms. Notably, many children and adolescents with ASD also
have an ANX diagnosis, suggesting shared pathological
mechanisms. Here, we leveraged structural imaging and phenotypic
data from 112 youth (33 ASD, 37 ANX, 42 typically developing
controls) to assess shared and distinct cortical thickness
patterns of the disorders. ANX was associated with widespread
increases in cortical thickness, while ASD related to a mixed
pattern of subtle increases and decreases across the cortical
mantle. Despite the qualitative difference in the case-control
contrasts, the statistical maps from the ANX-vs-controls and
ASD-vs-controls analyses were significantly correlated when
correcting for spatial autocorrelation. Dimensional analysis,
regressing trait anxiety and social responsiveness against
cortical thickness measures, partially recapitulated
diagnosis-based findings. Collectively, our findings provide
evidence for a common axis of neurodevelopmental disturbances as
well as distinct effects of ASD and ANX on cortical thickness.17. Wiedemann, Anna; Stochl, Jan; Neufeld, Sharon A S; Fritz, Jessica; Bhatti, Junaid; Hook, Roxanne W; Consortium, NSPN; Goodyer, Ian M; Dolan, Raymond J; Bullmore, Edward T; Chamberlain, Samuel R; Fonagy, Peter; Perez, Jesus; Jones, Peter B
The impact of the initial COVID-19 outbreak on young adults'
mental health: a longitudinal study of risk and resilience
factors Journal Article
In: Sci. Rep., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 16659, 2022.
@article{Wiedemann2022-yu,
title = {The impact of the initial COVID-19 outbreak on young adults'
mental health: a longitudinal study of risk and resilience
factors},
author = {Anna Wiedemann and Jan Stochl and Sharon A S Neufeld and Jessica Fritz and Junaid Bhatti and Roxanne W Hook and NSPN Consortium and Ian M Goodyer and Raymond J Dolan and Edward T Bullmore and Samuel R Chamberlain and Peter Fonagy and Jesus Perez and Peter B Jones},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-01},
journal = {Sci. Rep.},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {16659},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {Few studies assessing the effects of COVID-19 on mental health
include prospective markers of risk and resilience necessary to
understand and mitigate the combined impacts of the pandemic,
lockdowns, and other societal responses. This population-based
study of young adults includes individuals from the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network (n = 2403) recruited from English primary
care services and schools in 2012-2013 when aged 14-24.
Participants were followed up three times thereafter, most
recently during the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 outbreak
when they were aged between 19 and 34. Repeated measures of
psychological distress (K6) and mental wellbeing (SWEMWBS) were
supplemented at the latest assessment by clinical measures of
depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7). A total of 1000
participants, 42% of the original cohort, returned to take part
in the COVID-19 follow-up; 737 completed all four assessments
[mean age (SD), 25.6 (3.2) years; 65.4% female; 79.1% White].
Our findings show that the pandemic led to pronounced deviations
from existing mental health-related trajectories compared to
expected levels over approximately seven years. About
three-in-ten young adults reported clinically significant
depression (28.8%) or anxiety (27.6%) under current NHS
guidelines; two-in-ten met clinical cut-offs for both. About 9%
reported levels of psychological distress likely to be
associated with serious functional impairments that
substantially interfere with major life activities; an increase
by 3% compared to pre-pandemic levels. Deviations from personal
trajectories were not necessarily restricted to conventional
risk factors; however, individuals with pre-existing health
conditions suffered disproportionately during the initial
outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Resilience factors known to
support mental health, particularly in response to adverse
events, were at best mildly protective of individual
psychological responses to the pandemic. Our findings underline
the importance of monitoring the long-term effects of the
ongoing pandemic on young adults' mental health, an age group at
particular risk for the emergence of psychopathologies. Our
findings further suggest that maintaining access to mental
health care services during future waves, or potential new
pandemics, is particularly crucial for those with pre-existing
health conditions. Even though resilience factors known to
support mental health were only mildly protective during the
initial outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, it remains to be seen
whether these factors facilitate mental health in the long term.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Few studies assessing the effects of COVID-19 on mental health
include prospective markers of risk and resilience necessary to
understand and mitigate the combined impacts of the pandemic,
lockdowns, and other societal responses. This population-based
study of young adults includes individuals from the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network (n = 2403) recruited from English primary
care services and schools in 2012-2013 when aged 14-24.
Participants were followed up three times thereafter, most
recently during the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 outbreak
when they were aged between 19 and 34. Repeated measures of
psychological distress (K6) and mental wellbeing (SWEMWBS) were
supplemented at the latest assessment by clinical measures of
depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7). A total of 1000
participants, 42% of the original cohort, returned to take part
in the COVID-19 follow-up; 737 completed all four assessments
[mean age (SD), 25.6 (3.2) years; 65.4% female; 79.1% White].
Our findings show that the pandemic led to pronounced deviations
from existing mental health-related trajectories compared to
expected levels over approximately seven years. About
three-in-ten young adults reported clinically significant
depression (28.8%) or anxiety (27.6%) under current NHS
guidelines; two-in-ten met clinical cut-offs for both. About 9%
reported levels of psychological distress likely to be
associated with serious functional impairments that
substantially interfere with major life activities; an increase
by 3% compared to pre-pandemic levels. Deviations from personal
trajectories were not necessarily restricted to conventional
risk factors; however, individuals with pre-existing health
conditions suffered disproportionately during the initial
outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Resilience factors known to
support mental health, particularly in response to adverse
events, were at best mildly protective of individual
psychological responses to the pandemic. Our findings underline
the importance of monitoring the long-term effects of the
ongoing pandemic on young adults' mental health, an age group at
particular risk for the emergence of psychopathologies. Our
findings further suggest that maintaining access to mental
health care services during future waves, or potential new
pandemics, is particularly crucial for those with pre-existing
health conditions. Even though resilience factors known to
support mental health were only mildly protective during the
initial outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, it remains to be seen
whether these factors facilitate mental health in the long term.18. Procyshyn, Tanya L; Lombardo, Michael V; Lai, Meng-Chuan; Jassim, Nazia; Auyeung, Bonnie; Crockford, Sarah K; Deakin, Julia B; Soubramanian, Sentil; Sule, Akeem; Terburg, David; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Bethlehem, Richard A I
Oxytocin enhances basolateral amygdala activation and functional
connectivity while processing emotional faces: preliminary
findings in autistic vs non-autistic women Journal Article
In: Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci., vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 929–938, 2022.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: autism; basolateral amygdala; emotional face processing; oxytocin; salience
@article{Procyshyn2022-gu,
title = {Oxytocin enhances basolateral amygdala activation and functional
connectivity while processing emotional faces: preliminary
findings in autistic vs non-autistic women},
author = {Tanya L Procyshyn and Michael V Lombardo and Meng-Chuan Lai and Nazia Jassim and Bonnie Auyeung and Sarah K Crockford and Julia B Deakin and Sentil Soubramanian and Akeem Sule and David Terburg and Simon Baron-Cohen and Richard A I Bethlehem},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-01},
journal = {Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci.},
volume = {17},
number = {10},
pages = {929–938},
publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},
abstract = {Oxytocin is hypothesized to promote social interactions by
enhancing the salience of social stimuli. While previous
neuroimaging studies have reported that oxytocin enhances
amygdala activation to face stimuli in autistic men, effects in
autistic women remain unclear. In this study, the influence of
intranasal oxytocin on activation and functional connectivity of
the basolateral amygdala-the brain's 'salience detector'-while
processing emotional faces vs shapes was tested in 16 autistic
and 21 non-autistic women by functional magnetic resonance
imaging in a placebo-controlled, within-subject, cross-over
design. In the placebo condition, minimal activation differences
were observed between autistic and non-autistic women. However,
significant drug $times$ group interactions were observed for
both basolateral amygdala activation and functional
connectivity. Oxytocin increased left basolateral amygdala
activation among autistic women (35-voxel cluster, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinates of peak voxel = -22 -10 -28; mean change = +0.079},
keywords = {autism; basolateral amygdala; emotional face processing; oxytocin; salience},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Oxytocin is hypothesized to promote social interactions by
enhancing the salience of social stimuli. While previous
neuroimaging studies have reported that oxytocin enhances
amygdala activation to face stimuli in autistic men, effects in
autistic women remain unclear. In this study, the influence of
intranasal oxytocin on activation and functional connectivity of
the basolateral amygdala-the brain's 'salience detector'-while
processing emotional faces vs shapes was tested in 16 autistic
and 21 non-autistic women by functional magnetic resonance
imaging in a placebo-controlled, within-subject, cross-over
design. In the placebo condition, minimal activation differences
were observed between autistic and non-autistic women. However,
significant drug $times$ group interactions were observed for
both basolateral amygdala activation and functional
connectivity. Oxytocin increased left basolateral amygdala
activation among autistic women (35-voxel cluster, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinates of peak voxel = -22 -10 -28; mean change = +0.07919. Duff, Eugene; Zelaya, Fernando; Almagro, Fidel Alfaro; Miller, Karla L; Martin, Naomi; Nichols, Thomas E; Taschler, Bernd; Griffanti, Ludovica; Arthofer, Christoph; Douaud, Gwenaëlle; Wang, Chaoyue; Okell, Thomas W; Bethlehem, Richard A I; Eickel, Klaus; Günther, Matthias; Menon, David K; Williams, Guy; Facer, Bethany; Lythgoe, David J; Dell'Acqua, Flavio; Wood, Greta K; Williams, Steven C R; Houston, Gavin; Keller, Simon S; Holden, Catherine; Hartmann, Monika; George, Lily; Breen, Gerome; Michael, Benedict D; Jezzard, Peter; Smith, Stephen M; Bullmore, Edward T; Consortium, COVID-CNS
Reliability of multi-site UK Biobank MRI brain phenotypes for
the assessment of neuropsychiatric complications of SARS-CoV-2
infection: The COVID-CNS travelling heads study Journal Article
In: PLoS One, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. e0273704, 2022.
@article{Duff2022-fv,
title = {Reliability of multi-site UK Biobank MRI brain phenotypes for
the assessment of neuropsychiatric complications of SARS-CoV-2
infection: The COVID-CNS travelling heads study},
author = {Eugene Duff and Fernando Zelaya and Fidel Alfaro Almagro and Karla L Miller and Naomi Martin and Thomas E Nichols and Bernd Taschler and Ludovica Griffanti and Christoph Arthofer and Gwenaëlle Douaud and Chaoyue Wang and Thomas W Okell and Richard A I Bethlehem and Klaus Eickel and Matthias Günther and David K Menon and Guy Williams and Bethany Facer and David J Lythgoe and Flavio Dell'Acqua and Greta K Wood and Steven C R Williams and Gavin Houston and Simon S Keller and Catherine Holden and Monika Hartmann and Lily George and Gerome Breen and Benedict D Michael and Peter Jezzard and Stephen M Smith and Edward T Bullmore and COVID-CNS Consortium},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-01},
journal = {PLoS One},
volume = {17},
number = {9},
pages = {e0273704},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain could
be a key diagnostic and research tool for understanding the
neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19. For maximum impact,
multi-modal MRI protocols will be needed to measure the effects
of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the brain by diverse potentially
pathogenic mechanisms, and with high reliability across multiple
sites and scanner manufacturers. Here we describe the development
of such a protocol, based upon the UK Biobank, and its validation
with a travelling heads study. A multi-modal brain MRI protocol
comprising sequences for T1-weighted MRI, T2-FLAIR, diffusion MRI
(dMRI), resting-state functional MRI (fMRI),
susceptibility-weighted imaging (swMRI), and arterial spin
labelling (ASL), was defined in close approximation to prior UK
Biobank (UKB) and C-MORE protocols for Siemens 3T systems. We
iteratively defined a comparable set of sequences for General
Electric (GE) 3T systems. To assess multi-site feasibility and between-site variability of this protoco},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
INTRODUCTION: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain could
be a key diagnostic and research tool for understanding the
neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19. For maximum impact,
multi-modal MRI protocols will be needed to measure the effects
of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the brain by diverse potentially
pathogenic mechanisms, and with high reliability across multiple
sites and scanner manufacturers. Here we describe the development
of such a protocol, based upon the UK Biobank, and its validation
with a travelling heads study. A multi-modal brain MRI protocol
comprising sequences for T1-weighted MRI, T2-FLAIR, diffusion MRI
(dMRI), resting-state functional MRI (fMRI),
susceptibility-weighted imaging (swMRI), and arterial spin
labelling (ASL), was defined in close approximation to prior UK
Biobank (UKB) and C-MORE protocols for Siemens 3T systems. We
iteratively defined a comparable set of sequences for General
Electric (GE) 3T systems. To assess multi-site feasibility and between-site variability of this protoco20. Wan, Bin; Bayrak, Şeyma; Xu, Ting; Schaare, H Lina; Bethlehem, Richard A I; Bernhardt, Boris C; Valk, Sofie L
Heritability and cross-species comparisons of human cortical
functional organization asymmetry Journal Article
In: Elife, vol. 11, 2022.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: asymmetry; cerebral cortex; evolution; functional gradients; heritability; human; large-scale organization; neuroscience; rhesus macaque
@article{Wan2022-hs,
title = {Heritability and cross-species comparisons of human cortical
functional organization asymmetry},
author = {Bin Wan and Şeyma Bayrak and Ting Xu and H Lina Schaare and Richard A I Bethlehem and Boris C Bernhardt and Sofie L Valk},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-07-01},
journal = {Elife},
volume = {11},
publisher = {eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd},
abstract = {The human cerebral cortex is symmetrically organized along
large-scale axes but also presents inter-hemispheric differences
in structure and function. The quantified contralateral
homologous difference, that is asymmetry, is a key feature of
the human brain left-right axis supporting functional processes,
such as language. Here, we assessed whether the asymmetry of
cortical functional organization is heritable and
phylogenetically conserved between humans and macaques. Our
findings indicate asymmetric organization along an axis
describing a functional trajectory from perceptual/action to
abstract cognition. Whereas language network showed leftward
asymmetric organization, frontoparietal network showed rightward
asymmetric organization in humans. These asymmetries were
heritable in humans and showed a similar spatial distribution
with macaques, in the case of intra-hemispheric asymmetry of
functional hierarchy. This suggests (phylo)genetic conservation.
However, both language and frontoparietal networks showed a
qualitatively larger asymmetry in humans relative to macaques.
Overall, our findings suggest a genetic basis for asymmetry in
intrinsic functional organization, linked to higher order
cognitive functions uniquely developed in humans.},
keywords = {asymmetry; cerebral cortex; evolution; functional gradients; heritability; human; large-scale organization; neuroscience; rhesus macaque},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The human cerebral cortex is symmetrically organized along
large-scale axes but also presents inter-hemispheric differences
in structure and function. The quantified contralateral
homologous difference, that is asymmetry, is a key feature of
the human brain left-right axis supporting functional processes,
such as language. Here, we assessed whether the asymmetry of
cortical functional organization is heritable and
phylogenetically conserved between humans and macaques. Our
findings indicate asymmetric organization along an axis
describing a functional trajectory from perceptual/action to
abstract cognition. Whereas language network showed leftward
asymmetric organization, frontoparietal network showed rightward
asymmetric organization in humans. These asymmetries were
heritable in humans and showed a similar spatial distribution
with macaques, in the case of intra-hemispheric asymmetry of
functional hierarchy. This suggests (phylo)genetic conservation.
However, both language and frontoparietal networks showed a
qualitatively larger asymmetry in humans relative to macaques.
Overall, our findings suggest a genetic basis for asymmetry in
intrinsic functional organization, linked to higher order
cognitive functions uniquely developed in humans.